I. Introduction Of Rawsuns Multi-cluster Battery System
Multi-cluster battery system refer to a large-capacity energy storage or power supply system that integrates multiple battery clusters through electrical connections and control systems.
Battery cluster: An independent unit composed of several battery cells connected in series and parallel, with specific voltage, capacity, and energy density, serving as the basic component module of the system.
Multi-cluster integration: Multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel through electrical equipment such as busbars, circuit breakers, and contactors to form a power supply system with higher voltage and larger capacity, meeting the high-power and long-range requirements of large commercial vehicles, special vehicles, ships, and other scenarios.

II. System Structure and Characteristics

1. Hardware Architecture
   1) Battery Cluster: Includes lithium iron phosphate cells, BMS (Battery Management System), thermal management module, mechanical structure frame, high and low voltage wiring harness, battery high-voltage box, etc. The capacity of a single cluster ranges from 7.5kWh to 175kWh, and the voltage level ranges from 48Vdc to 576Vdc.
   2) Electrical Connection: Multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to increase the total system capacity and current output capability, suitable for scenarios requiring large current discharge.
   3) Control System: Cluster Manager (BAU): Coordinates the charging and discharging states of each cluster, optimizes energy distribution. Distributed BMS: Each battery cluster is equipped with an independent master-slave BMS, where the slave (BMU) is responsible for monitoring cell voltage, temperature, SOC (State of Charge) and other parameters, and the master (BCU) is responsible for the system management of this cluster and communication with the cluster manager.
   4) Bus Box: Achieves parallel connection of multiple battery clusters, collects the DC electricity output from each battery cluster together, forming a DC power supply with higher capacity and current output capability. It is equipped with current/voltage sensors to monitor the current and voltage values after the bus connection in real time, allowing the system to understand the working state of the battery pack and provide data support for the Battery Management System (BMS), achieving effective management and control of the battery pack.
2. Core Technologies and Advantages
   1) Inter-cluster Current Equalization Control: Ensures uniform current distribution among parallel clusters to avoid overloading or underloading of some clusters, which affects system lifespan and safety.
   2) Thermal Management Synergy: When multiple clusters are operating, heat is concentrated, and cross-cluster temperature field uniform control needs to be achieved through liquid cooling, air cooling, etc., to prevent heat runaway from spreading.
   3) Fault Isolation Technology: In case of a single cluster failure (such as cell short circuit, over-temperature), the electrical connection is quickly cut off to avoid affecting the operation of other clusters.
   4) Energy Optimization Strategy: Based on the SOC (State of Charge) and health status (SOH) data of each cluster, the charging and discharging sequence is dynamically adjusted to extend the overall cycle life.
   5) The number of parallel battery clusters can be adjusted through software or screen, and customers can adjust the number of parallel battery clusters according to the project power demand.
   6) A single battery cluster can be used independently, and the BMS master control communicates externally in the same way as the BAU cluster manager, facilitating customers to use the same specification battery for different vehicle models and ship types, reducing inventory pressure.
   7) Using a multi-cluster battery system improves the fault tolerance and failure survival capability of the project. When a single-cluster battery system fails, the vehicle or ship can still operate and can simultaneously undergo maintenance and replacement of battery clusters.

III. Battery System Specifications

No.	Item	Value	Note
1	Single cluster capacity	90Ah -304AH
2	Voltage Range	48V-800V
3	Total energy of  single cluster	7.5kwh-175kwh
4	Continuous charging current	0.5C-1C
5	Maximum continuous discharge current	1C
6	Single-cluster peak discharge current	608A	With an interval time of more than 2 minutes, the duration being 30 seconds, and the SOC ranging from 100% to 50%.
7	Relative environmental humidity	25~85%RH
8	Cooling Type	Natural Cool/Liquid Cool
9	System operating temperature range	Environmental temperature: The battery system can operate normally within an external temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃.
		Charging temperature: When the internal environment temperature of the battery pack is between -20℃ and 55℃, charging is acceptable.
		Discharge temperature: The battery pack can be discharged when the internal environmental temperature is between -20℃ and 60℃.
		Full-load operating temperature: When the internal environment temperature of the battery pack is between 10℃ and 45℃, and the SOC (State of Charge) is between 30% and 100%, the discharge power is not affected.
12	Protection Grade	IP65/IP67

4. Standard single-cluster battery system list

No.	System Voltage（V）	System Capacity（AH）	System Power（KWH）	Battery Pack Dimensions（mm）	Pack quantity	Pack weight（KG）	Energy Density（WH/KG）	Cooling Type	Protection Grade
1	58	206	12	1033*308*305	1	108	110	Natural Cool	IP65
2	538	172	92	1050*1450*180	3	425	73	Liquid Cool	IP67
3	538	180	97	1060*420*263	8	120	101	Natural Cool	IP67
4	346	164	57	1597*516*220	2	252	112	Natural Cool	IP67
5	576	277	160	1400*645*250	4	320	125	Natural Cool	IP67
6	499	105	52	1387*676*357	2	255	103	Natural Cool	IP67
7	397	90	36	1597*530*220	1	346	103	Natural Cool	IP67
8	352	160	56	1279*950*253	1	453	124	Natural Cool	IP67
9	538	105	56	1040*680*277	2	228	124	Natural Cool	IP67
10	378	105	40	720*620*240	2	161	123	Natural Cool	IP67
11	576	304	175	870*485*245	10	120	146	Liquid Cool	IP67
12	48	150	7.50	490*395*241	1	63	119	Natural Cool	IP65
13	560	125	70	1370*1150*306	1	545	128	Natural Cool	IP67

V. Typical Application Scenarios
1) High-end electric vehicle models (such as heavy trucks, long-distance buses): Utilize multiple clusters in parallel to achieve a high-capacity battery matrix, reducing energy consumption and supporting ultra-fast charging.
2) Modular battery swapping vehicles: The battery clusters serve as independent battery swapping units, shortening the swapping time and enhancing the user experience.
3) Electric ships, special vehicles, and rail transit vehicles: The multi-cluster system provides high energy density and continuous power output, meeting the requirements for long-distance travel.